Learning How to Learn: 8 key ideas
The core ideas of Learning How to Learn, each in under a minute, written in our own words. Want the full depth? Get the book.
- IDEA 1 OF 8
The brain has two thinking modes
Oakley and Sejnowski explain that the brain switches between a focused mode, for concentrating on a problem, and a diffuse mode, for relaxed, wandering thought.
Learning well means using both, not just staring hard at the page.
- IDEA 2 OF 8
Picture thinking as a pinball game
The authors compare thinking to pinball.
In focused mode the bumpers are close together, so thoughts travel along familiar paths; in diffuse mode they are spread out, letting thoughts bounce widely and find new connections.
- IDEA 3 OF 8
Rest lets the diffuse mode work
When stuck on a problem, the authors suggest taking a break: a walk, a shower or a game.
Stepping away lets the diffuse mode quietly work on the problem, and the answer often appears when you return.
- IDEA 4 OF 8
Beat procrastination with short sprints
The book recommends the Pomodoro technique: set a timer for about twenty-five minutes, work with full focus, then take a short reward break.
Starting is the hardest part, and a short timed session makes starting easier.
- IDEA 5 OF 8
Practice builds brain links
Learning creates links between brain cells, the authors explain, and practice makes those links stronger.
A well-practised idea becomes a chunk, a connected bundle you can recall smoothly, like a song you know by heart.
- IDEA 6 OF 8
Don't be fooled by easy rereading
Rereading notes or looking at worked answers can create an illusion of competence: you feel you understand, but cannot do it alone.
Testing yourself and recalling without looking reveals what you have actually learned.
- IDEA 7 OF 8
Make memories vivid and visual
The authors describe memory tricks like the memory palace, picturing a familiar place and placing vivid images of facts in it.
Funny or unusual images, songs and stories help the brain hold onto information.
- IDEA 8 OF 8
Sleep and exercise help learning
During sleep, the authors explain, the brain strengthens new links and clears away waste.
Exercise also supports the growth of new brain cells, so looking after the body directly supports learning.
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