How to Be a Stoic: 8 key ideas
The core ideas of How to Be a Stoic, each in under a minute, written in our own words. Want the full depth? Get the book.
- IDEA 1 OF 8
A modern conversation with Epictetus
Pigliucci, a philosopher and scientist, explains Stoicism by imagining conversations with Epictetus, a Stoic teacher who was once enslaved.
He uses these dialogues to show how ancient advice applies to modern problems.
- IDEA 2 OF 8
Focus on what you can control
Pigliucci explains the Stoic dichotomy of control: some things, like our judgements and choices, are up to us, while others, like other people's opinions, are not.
Focusing on what we control brings peace.
- IDEA 3 OF 8
Desire wisely
The discipline of desire teaches us to want only what is in our control and to accept what is not.
Pigliucci explains how this reduces frustration. Wanting less of what lies outside our control brings freedom.
- IDEA 4 OF 8
Act for the common good
The discipline of action asks us to act virtuously, considering others and our role in society.
Stoics believe humans are social beings. Everyone is part of a wider human community.
- IDEA 5 OF 8
Judge impressions carefully
The discipline of assent asks us to examine our first impressions before accepting them.
Pigliucci argues this helps avoid hasty, emotional reactions. A pause between impression and reaction gives reason time to work.
- IDEA 6 OF 8
Four virtues guide life
Pigliucci explains the four Stoic virtues: wisdom, courage, justice and temperance.
These virtues guide good living. Together they form the heart of the Stoic idea of a good character. All four connect.
- IDEA 7 OF 8
Reflect on mortality
Pigliucci discusses how Stoics reflected on death to live more fully.
Remembering life's shortness encourages focus on what matters. Time is precious and should not be wasted on trivial worries.
- IDEA 8 OF 8
Practise Stoic exercises
Pigliucci offers practical exercises, such as reflecting on the day each evening.
Regular practice builds Stoic habits. Philosophy, for the Stoics, is a daily discipline, not just an idea. Practice builds habit.
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