Author

Paul Tillich

8 key ideas, each explained in our own words.

The Courage to Be

  1. IDEA 1

    Courage affirms being despite threats

    Tillich defines courage as the self-affirmation of being in spite of whatever threatens it. Courage means continuing to live, act and hope even when anxiety and danger press in. It is ongoing.

  2. IDEA 2

    Anxiety has three forms

    Tillich describes three types of anxiety: fear of fate and death, guilt and condemnation, and emptiness and meaninglessness. Each era of history, he suggests, has been dominated by one of them.

  3. IDEA 3

    Death and fate threaten us

    The first anxiety concerns our mortality and the uncertainty of fate. Tillich argues that this anxiety cannot be removed, only faced with courage. Mortality is part of life. Courage meets it.

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