Kate Raworth

Doughnut Economics

1. IDEA 1

   The economy needs a new picture

   Raworth argues that twentieth-century economics, built around endless growth and narrow models, is unfit for today's challenges. She offers a new image, a doughnut, to guide thinking about what a good economy should achieve.

2. IDEA 2

   Life should stay inside the doughnut

   The inner ring of the doughnut is a social foundation: everyone should have food, health, education and other basics. The outer ring is an ecological ceiling: humanity must not overshoot the planet's limits. The goal is the safe space between.

3. IDEA 3

   Change the goal from growth

   Raworth argues that the goal of economics should not be endless GDP growth but meeting human needs within planetary limits. She calls for measuring success by wellbeing and sustainability. Growth becomes a means, not an end.

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