John Berger

Ways of Seeing

1. IDEA 1

   Knowledge shapes how we see

   Berger, an art critic, argues that the way we see images is shaped by our beliefs, knowledge and social position. His book grew from a famous BBC television series. He treats seeing as an act shaped by society.

2. IDEA 2

   Reproduction changed art

   Berger argues that cameras and printing changed the meaning of paintings. Once reproduced, an image can appear anywhere and take on new meanings. In his view, a painting once tied to one place can now be viewed on any screen or page.

3. IDEA 3

   Art is mystified

   Berger argues that experts often surround art with mystery, which keeps ordinary people from seeing it directly. In his account, talk of genius, value and taste can make people feel unqualified to form their own opinions about what they see.

All 8 ideas from Ways of Seeing →